From social and natural vulnerability to human-centered climate resilient coastal cities

Anthropogenic climate change is increasingly affecting every city in the world, including through more intense weather and extremes. Climate impacts risks are magnified cities, which home to than half world's population. Projections show one billion people will live areas at risk of coastal hazards by 2050. Sea level rise jeopardizes cities complicated wind, water, hazards. Potential on wellbeing include damage housing, transportation, energy infrastructure as well human health. Yet, attention thus far has focused incremental adaptation responses, with a focus technology transitions cities. Comprehensive transformative actions that specifically incorporate behavioral, cultural institutional options largely neglected. In this perspective, we emphasize immediate massive effort involvement from individuals social entities across sectors, institutions, systems required for transformation toward climate-resilient We conclude emphasizing dichotomies between ambitious mitigation need be bridged enhance resilience warming requires appropriate multi-level governance mechanisms coordinate agents sectors.